MCPBI - Tabular Model MCP Server

This is a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server for locally running Tabular Models, i.e. PowerBI models running on PowerBI Desktop.

This server allows MCP-enabled LLM clients to communicate with your tabular models and help you debug, analyse and compose DAX queries.

Example: Copilot querying Tabular Model via MCP

roocodedemo

How it works

It connects to a local running instance of Tabular models using the AdomdConnection in ADOMD.NET.

Using this connection, the server then allows clients to execute DAX-queries and retrieve model metadata (using DMV queries) through pre-defined tools for high accuracy, as well as custom DAX queries for debugging and development.

This MCP server enables communication between clients and Power BI tabular models via ADOMD.NET, supporting both predefined metadata queries and flexible DAX queries with full DEFINE block capabilities for advanced analysis.

Tools

MCPBI provides 10 tools that enable LLM clients to explore, analyze, and debug your Power BI models:

Model Exploration Tools

ListTables

Lists all tables in your model with metadata (storage mode, visibility, lineage tags)
Use case: Quickly discover available tables when starting development or understanding model structure

GetTableDetails

Retrieves detailed metadata for a specific table
Use case: Understand table properties, expressions, and configuration before writing DAX

GetTableColumns

Lists all columns in a table with data types, formats, and properties
Use case: Identify available columns and their characteristics when building measures or queries

GetTableRelationships

Shows all relationships connected to a table (cardinality, filter direction, active status)
Use case: Understand data model connections for correct DAX context and filter propagation

Measure Management Tools

ListMeasures

Lists all measures with names, tables, data types, and visibility (optionally filtered by table)
Use case: Discover existing measures to avoid duplication or find patterns to follow

GetMeasureDetails

Retrieves complete measure definition including full DAX expression
Use case: Study existing measure logic, troubleshoot calculations, or prepare for refactoring

Data Exploration Tools

PreviewTableData

Returns top N rows from a table
Use case: Verify data structure, check sample values, or validate data loads during development

DAX Development Tools

RunQuery

Executes DAX queries including complete DEFINE blocks, EVALUATE statements, or simple expressions
Returns structured results or detailed error information for MCP compatibility
Use case: Test measures, debug calculations, analyze data, or validate query results before implementing in reports

ValidateDaxSyntax

Validates DAX expressions and provides complexity metrics
Returns syntax errors, warnings, and recommendations for best practices
Use case: Catch syntax errors early, get improvement suggestions, and assess expression complexity before deployment

AnalyzeQueryPerformance

Analyzes query execution time and performance characteristics
Provides performance ratings, complexity factors, and optimization suggestions
Use case: Identify slow queries, understand bottlenecks, and optimize DAX for better report performance

How These Tools Help with Power BI Development

1. Model Discovery

Use [ListTables], [GetTableColumns], and [GetTableRelationships] to quickly understand an unfamiliar model's structure without manually clicking through Power BI Desktop.

2. DAX Assistance

LLM clients can use [ListMeasures] and [GetMeasureDetails] to learn your existing DAX patterns and suggest consistent new measures that follow your naming conventions and calculation styles.

3. Debugging

Combine [RunQuery] with [ValidateDaxSyntax] to iteratively test and refine DAX expressions with immediate feedback on syntax and results.

4. Performance Optimization

Use [AnalyzeQueryPerformance] to identify slow queries, then iterate improvements with [RunQuery] to verify performance gains.

Installation

Setup Instructions

Requirements

Power BI Desktop (with a PBIX file open for discovery)
Windows OS
Visual Studio Code (for MCP server integration)
.NET 8.0 Runtime

Setup from Prebuilt Release (Recommended)

Download the release from the Releases directory or GitHub releases page and extract to your preferred location.
Open Power BI Desktop with a PBIX file you want to work with.
Get PowerBI instance information

There are several ways to detect Power BI Desktop instances. The easiest is to open Tabular Editor and check the port in the connection string.

Simply add the port (63717 in example above) to your MCP server configuration in the next step (you can ignore the database ID, as this server connects to the default model).
If you don't have Tabular Editor, you can use the included discovery tool to find the running instance and database.

Open PowerShell, navigate to the release directory, and run:

cd path\to\release
.\pbi-local-mcp.DiscoverCli.exe

Note: In PowerShell, you must use .\ prefix to run executables from the current directory.

Follow the prompts to:

Select the Power BI Desktop instance (identified by port)
Choose the database/model to connect to

This creates a .env file with PBI_PORT and PBI_DB_ID in the release directory, which you can reference in your MCP configuration or ignore if you specify the port directly.

Configure MCP server in your editor. For VS Code with Roo, create/edit .roo/mcp.json:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "MCPBI": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "path\\to\\release\\mcpbi.exe",
      "cwd": "path\\to\\release",
      "args": ["--port", "YOUR_PBI_PORT"],
      "disabled": false,
      "alwaysAllow": [
        "ListTables",
        "GetTableDetails",
        "GetTableColumns",
        "GetTableRelationships",
        "ListMeasures",
        "GetMeasureDetails",
        "PreviewTableData",
        "RunQuery",
        "ValidateDaxSyntax",
        "AnalyzeQueryPerformance"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Replace path\\to\\release with your actual release directory path and YOUR_PBI_PORT with the port number from PBI instance.

Setup from Source (For Development)

Clone the repository:

git clone <repository-url>
cd tabular-mcp

Build the project:
```
dotnet build
```
Open Power BI Desktop with a PBIX file.
Run discovery to create .env file:
```
dotnet run --project pbi-local-mcp/pbi-local-mcp.csproj discover-pbi
```
Follow prompts to select instance and database.

Configure MCP server in .roo/mcp.json:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "mcpbi-dev": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "dotnet",
      "cwd": "path\\to\\tabular-mcp",
      "envFile": "path\\to\\tabular-mcp\\.env",
      "args": [
        "exec",
        "path\\to\\tabular-mcp\\pbi-local-mcp\\bin\\Debug\\net8.0\\pbi-local-mcp.dll"
      ],
      "disabled": false,
      "alwaysAllow": [
        "ListTables",
        "GetTableDetails",
        "GetTableColumns",
        "GetTableRelationships",
        "ListMeasures",
        "GetMeasureDetails",
        "PreviewTableData",
        "RunQuery",
        "ValidateDaxSyntax",
        "AnalyzeQueryPerformance"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Replace path\\to\\tabular-mcp with your actual repository path.

Configuration Notes

Use either port or envFile: You can specify the Power BI port directly in args or use envFile to load from .env.
Port argument: The --port argument in the release configuration connects to the specific Power BI Desktop instance on that port
envFile: The development setup uses envFile to automatically load PBI_PORT and PBI_DB_ID from .env
alwaysAllow: Lists all tools that can be used without requiring user approval for each invocation
Working directory: The cwd parameter sets the working directory where the .env file is located

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